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- Nikita Khruschev was born on April 17, 1894, into a family of peasants in the village of Kalinovka, Kursk region, Russian Empire. He was raised among agricultural and mining workers. He studied for only two years at grammar school as a child. After the Russian Revolution he joined the Red Army, then joined the Communist party in 1918 and made a career as a politician.
He was active in the Russian revolution and Civil War, when the intellectual elite was brutally killed as well as the family of Nickolas and Alexandra. The Civil War continued for decades in a form of the "Great Terror" and repressions under Joseph Stalin during the 1920s, 30s, 40s and 50s. Under orders from Moscow, Khrushchev participated in massive confiscations of food, crops, forage grains, and supplies, that left millions of peasants starving to death in famines of 1920s-30s. Some areas of Ukraine and Russia suffered so much that people later perceived WWII as liberation from the Soviet regime. In 1931 Khrushchev was promoted to Moscow, where he briefly studied at the Soviet Industrial Academy. In 1934 he became a member of the Central Committee of the Communist Party and in 1935 - the 1st Secretary of the Moscow City Committee. In 1938 Khrushchev was appointed the 1st Secretary of the Ukrainian Communist Party and promoted to Politburo.
During WWII Khrushchev was coordinating the defense of Ukraine, while his family was evacuated to Kuibyshev. In 1942-42 he was a political commissar during the battle of Stalingrad. There, frozen Nazi Armies were stopped and lost the battle to the Russian soldiers, who defended their land. Khrushchev was decorated and promoted in the Communist party. He was later a political commissar of the 1st Ukrainian Front, where his deputy was Leonid Brezhnev. Khrushchev patronized Brezhnev, whom he knew since 1931.
After the death of Joseph Stalin on March 5, 1953, and following the elimination of Stalin's inner circle, Khrushchev became the leader of the Communist Party on September 7, 1953. He completed the takeover after the execution of his main rival Lavrenti Beria in December 1953, with the help of the powerful Marshal Georgi Zhukov. Then Khrushchev promoted Leonid Brezhnev in hopes to have a steady ally in the coming power-struggles against the Stalinist conservatives.
In his historic speech on February 23, 1956, Khrushchev denounced Joseph Stalin for his brutal purges and massive executions of people. Khrushchev spoke behind closed doors at the 20th Congress of the Communist Party. His speech was the "new order" message to the ruling Soviet elite. Not everyone liked it, regardless of its many historic benefits. In 1957 Khrushchev with backing from Leonid Brezhnev and Marshal Georgi Zhukov defeated the Stalinist conservatives Vyacheslav Molotov, Georgi Malenkov, and Lazar Kaganovich. Then Khrushchev exiled the powerful Marshal Georgi Zhukov and became the undisputed ruler of the Soviet Union.
Khrushchev's speech was designed to liberate people from Stalin's brutal regime based on manipulative methods of control by fear. The speech was addressed to the Soviet leadership as well as to the people of Russia and other republics, however, the Soviet leadership decided to keep the speech secret from the people. At the same time Khrushchev's speech was available in the rest of the world. After reading Khrushchev's speech, Moshe Dayan said that Soviet Union may disappear in 30 years, and he was off only by 5 years. Although Khrushchev was unable to see that far, he made efforts to liberate intellectuals and to clear innocent victims of the "Great Purges" under Stalin's regime.
In the late 1950's Khrushchev initiated the "Thaw" during the Cold War. Hundreds of thousands of innocent victims of Stalin's "Great Purges" were posthumously cleared of all charges and their sentences were reversed to full rehabilitation. Many surviving intellectuals, actors, like Innokentiy Smoktunovskiy, Georgi Zhzhyonov, Vitali Golovin and others were allowed to return from imprisonment and Siberian exile. Film directors such as Sergei Parajanov, Eldar Ryazanov, Georgiy Daneliya made new kind of films. The First International Festival of Students and Youth was held in Moscow, in 1958. The First International Tchaikovsky Competition was held in Moscow, where the Texan pianist Van Cliburn became the first winner, and was praised by Khrushchev. Some performing artists, like Svyatoslav Richter and Mstislav Rostropovich were allowed to go on personal international concert tours.
Khruschev's "Thaw" liberated the Soviet life to a degree, that allowed some foreign books, movies and music, along with the other previously banned art, literature and music of Sergei Prokofiev, Dmitri Shostakovich, Aram Khachaturyan, publications of Anna Akhmatova, Mikhail Zoschenko, Yuriy Olesha, and others. The 60's generation emerged during the "Thaw" with Yevgeniy Yevtushenko, Bella Akhmadulina, Andrei Voznesensky, Bulat Okudzhava, Vasiliy Aksyonov and other writers. They played an important role in liberation of the collective consciousness after decades of repressions under Joseph Stalin and in changing of some old bans, what later made possible the publication of Mikhail A. Bulgakov. Khrushchev personally approved the 1962 publication by Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn about the Stalin's "Gulag" prison-camps.
Khrushchev attacked those whom he failed to understand, like the Nobel Laureate writer Boris Pasternak, poet Andrei Voznesensky, and avant-garde artists. Khrushchev mismanaged agriculture by banning any private farming. His major mistake was forceful replacing of wheat by corn, which could not grow in Russian climate. This and other mistakes caused serious food shortages and the bloody popular uprising in Novocherkassk, in 1962. Khrushchev showed uncivilized and undiplomatic behavior at the UN conference by insulting other delegates verbally and by banging on the table with his fists and with his shoe. Khrushchev pushed the construction of the Berlin Wall in 1961. He made risky political moves and was accused of losing control during the Cuban missile crisis, when the world came to the brink of a nuclear war.
Leonid Brezhnev dismissed Khrushchev on October 14, 1964, after Khrushchev's vacation at the Communist Party owned Black Sea resort. He was stripped of all privileges and lived under house arrest outside Moscow. After his death on September 11, 1971, Khrushchev was not buried officially like other Politburo members near the Kremlin. Instead, he was buried without an official ceremony at the Novodevichy Cemetery. The cold war continued. Khrushchev's historic speech denouncing Joseph Stalin was banned from publication until the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991. - Actor
- Director
Sergey Puskepalis was born on 15 April 1966 in Kursk, Kurskaya oblast, RSFSR, USSR [now Russia]. He was an actor and director, known for Prostye veshchi (2007), Metro (2013) and How I Ended This Summer (2010). He died on 20 September 2022 in Rostov district of the Yaroslavl region, Russia.- Denis Vlasenko was born on 18 December 1997 in Kursk, Russia. He is an actor, known for Happy End (2021), Strasti po Matveyu (2023) and Welcome back! (2022).
- Vladimir Friedman was born on 20 June 1959 in Kursk, Russia. He is an actor, known for American Assassin (2017), Golden Voices (2019) and The Assassin Next Door (2009).
- Igor Sklyar was born on 18 December 1957 in Kursk, Russian SFSR, USSR [now Russia]. He is an actor, known for God sobaki (1994), Ukhodyashchaya natura (2014) and Romanovy: Ventsenosnaya semya (2000).
- Yuliya Galkina was born on 24 December 1984 in Kursk, RSFSR, USSR [now Russia]. She is an actress, known for Potselui padshikh angelov (2007), Zakhvat (2024) and Londongrad (2015).
- Olga Oleksiy was born on 17 September 1980 in Kursk, RSFSR, USSR [now Kursk, Russia]. She is an actress, known for Pes (2015), Vidlunnia (2020) and Sprosite u oseni (2016).
- Actor
- Director
- Writer
Vladimir Basov was a notable Soviet actor and director best known for the leading role as Bruno in Shchit i mech (1968), which he also directed, and his numerous supporting roles, such as Floor Polisher in Ya shagayu po Moskve (1964) (aka.. Walking the Streets of Moscow (1963), among other works.
He was born Vladimir Pavlovich Basov on September 17, 1923, in a small town of Urazov, Kursk province, central Russia. His father died in a tragic accident, and young Basov was raised by a single mother. During the Second World War he was wounded in the battlefield fighting the Nazis, and was decorated for his courage. From 1947 - 1951 he studied acting and directing under Mikhail Romm and Sergei Yutkevich at Soviet State Insitute of Cinema (VGIK), graduating in 1952 as film director. From 1952 to 1987 he was a film director at Mosfilm Studios in Moscow.
Basov shot to fame with the leading role as Bruno in popular Soviet war drama Shchit i mech (1968) which he also directed. At that time Basov was among the most popular Soviet filmmakers. He directed such TV movies as Opasnyy povorot (1972), and the popular series Dni Turbinykh (1976) adapted after the eponymous book by Mikhail A. Bulgakov. However, with his success came the attendant pressures, and he suffered from chronic alcoholism, depression, and had several strokes and heart attacks.
Vladimir Basov was designated People's Actor of USSR (1983), and was awarded the State Prize of Russia (1982). He died of a second heart attack on September 17, 1987, in his Moscow home, and was laid to rest in Moscow, Russia.- Tamara Syomina was born on 25 October 1938 in Lgov, Kursk Oblast, RSFSR, USSR [now Russia]. She is an actress, known for Voskreseniye (1960), Pugachev (1979) and Den schastya (1964). She was previously married to Vladimir Prokofyev.
- Actor
- Production Manager
Aleksandr Medvedev was born on 27 January 1968 in Kursk, RSFSR, USSR. He is an actor and production manager, known for Orlando (1992), The Tiger Brigades (2006) and Tatort (1970).- Nikolay Sergeev was born on 4 December 1894 in village Ozerki, Shchigry uyezd, Kursk Governorate, Russian Empire [now Shchigrovsky District, Kursk Oblast, Russia]. He was an actor, known for Andrei Rublev (1966), A Big Family (1954) and Ottsy i deti (1959). He died on 8 January 1988 in Moscow, RSFSR, USSR [now Russia].
- Julia Galkina was born on 24 December 1984 in Kursk, Russia, USSR. She is an actress, known for Trukach (Stuntman) (2015) and Skazhi chto-nibud khoroshee (2020).
- Animation Department
- Visual Effects
Arthur Ulmann was born in Kursk, Russia. He is known for Tarzan (2013), Like (2012) and Conference of Animals (2010).- Actor
Leo Galitzine was born in 1905 in Krasnoe, Kursk Governorate, Russian Empire [now Russia]. He is an actor.- Valentina Berezutskaya was born on 28 July 1932 in Spasskoe, Medvensky District, Central Black Earth Oblast, RSFSR, USSR [now Kursk Oblast, Russia]. She was an actress, known for Day Watch (2006), Starukhi (2003) and Operation 'Y' & Other Shurik's Adventures (1965). She was married to Vladimir Ageyev. She died on 31 January 2019 in Moscow, Russia.
- Cinematographer
- Director
- Camera and Electrical Department
Yuli Kun was born on 12 June 1914 in village Soldatskoe, Fatezh uyezd, Kursk Governorate, Russian Empire [now Fatezhsky District, Kursk Oblast, Russia]. He was a cinematographer and director, known for Life in Bloom (1949), Jalgrattataltsutajad (1964) and Vallatud kurvid (1959). He was married to Iya Arepina. He died on 8 February 1980 in Moscow, RSFSR, USSR [now Russia].- Special Effects
- Visual Effects
- Production Designer
Aleksei Bokatov was born on 2 February 1942 in Dmitrovsk, Kursk Oblast, RSFSR, USSR. He was a production designer, known for Captain Nemo (1975), Pokhishchenie Evropy (1992) and Derzost (1972). He died on 29 October 2004.- Yuri Shumilo was born on 27 January 1960 in Kursk, Russian SFSR, USSR [now Russia]. He is an actor, known for Volkodav (1992), Assa (1987) and Avariya - doch menta (1990).
- Animation Department
- Director
- Art Director
Boris Dyozhkin was born on 19 August 1914 in Kursk, Russian Empire [now Russia]. He was a director and art director, known for Goal! Goal! (1964), Meteor on the Ring (1970) and Privet druzyam (1957). He was married to Olga Gayduk and Faina Epifanova. He died on 13 March 1992 in Moscow, Russia.- Rusian actress, who married colombian director Mario Ribero Ferreira, and went to live with him in Colombia. She was casting director for Television companies and opened an acting course for aspiring actors, some of them are now working actors, like Evelyn Santos; Elías Rima and John Ceballos. She divorced, and went to live to Miami, Florida in 1998, where she opened a new school, and has actually a group of aspiring actors.
- Art Director
- Production Designer
Boris Tuzlukov was born on 18 May 1909 in Kursk, Russian Empire. Boris was an art director and production designer, known for Nebesnoe sozdanie (1956) and Noyev kovcheg (1976). Boris died on 3 October 1974 in Moscow, RSFSR, USSR.- Actress
- Soundtrack
Anastasiya Tolmacheva was born on 14 January 1997 in Kursk, Russia. She is an actress, known for Korolevstvo krivykh zerkal (2007), One to One! (2013) and Junior Eurovision Song Contest (2010).- Ivan Nasonov was born on 9 September 1942 in Verkhniye Apochki, Kursk Oblast, RSFSR, USSR. He was an actor, known for Dela davno minuvshikh dney... (1972), Ishchite i naydyote (1969) and Zvezda plenitelnogo schastya (1975). He died on 9 January 2002 in Moscow, Russia.
- Jadwiga Boryta was born on 17 July 1908 in Voskresenovka, Kursk Oblast, Russian Empire [now Russia]. She was an actress, known for Maryjka (1933), Pod bandera milosci (1929) and Przedwiosnie (1928). She died on 21 September 1995 in Warsaw, Mazowieckie, Poland.
- Actress
- Soundtrack
Mariya Tolmacheva was born on 14 January 1997 in Kursk, Russia. She is an actress, known for Korolevstvo krivykh zerkal (2007), One to One! (2013) and Junior Eurovision Song Contest (2010).- Writer
- Director
Georgi Zelondzhev-Shipov was born on 9 February 1895 in Belgorod, Kursk Governorate, Russian Empire [now Belgorod oblast, Russia]. Georgi was a writer and director, known for Khuti tsuti (1928) and Chyornyy parus (1929). Georgi died on 18 April 1963 in Moscow, RSFSR, USSR [now Russia].- Actress
- Writer
Helena Buczynska was born on 2 December 1894 in Shchigry, Kursk Governorate, Russian Empire [now Kursk Oblast, Russia]. She was an actress and writer, known for Stalowe serca (1948), Jackie (1921) and Znachor (1937). She died on 21 December 1957.- German Orlov was born on 24 November 1921 in Krasnaya Dolina, Voronezh Governorate, RSFSR [now Kastornoye Raion, Kursk Oblast, Russia]. He was an actor, known for Chelyuskintsy (1985), Nochnaya smena (1971) and Sahar (1960). He died on 7 December 2013 in St. Petersburg, Russia.
- Viktor Tretyak was born on 6 December 1926 in Komarovka village, Kursk Governorate, RSFSR, USSR [now Kursk oblast, Russia]. He was an actor, known for Katerina Izmailova (1967). He died on 16 April 1989 in Kiev, Ukrainian SSR, USSR [now Ukraine].
- Yevgeniy Filatov was born on 15 March 1925 in Kursk, RSFSR, USSR. He was an actor, known for Wartime Romance (1983), Posledniy gaiduk (1973) and Oshibki yunosti (1978). He died on 30 September 2001 in St. Petersburg, Russia.
- Actor
- Second Unit Director or Assistant Director
- Director
Anatoli Chemodurov was born on 21 July 1919 in village Novo-Ivanovka, Kursk Governorate, RSFSR [now Rylsky District, Kursk Oblast, Russia]. He was an actor and assistant director, known for Dream of a Cossack (1951), Yesli ty muzhchina... (1972) and Waterloo (1970). He died on 28 December 1986.- Production Designer
- Set Decorator
- Art Department
Vitaly Volynsky was born on 15 November 1936 in Kursk, RSFSR, USSR [now Russia]. He was a production designer and set decorator, known for Biryuk (1978), Budni ugolovnogo rozyska (1973) and Takaya pozdnyaya, takaya tyoplaya osen (1982). He died on 11 February 2005 in Kiev, Ukraine.- Composer
- Music Department
- Soundtrack
Georgi Sviridov was born on 16 December 1915 in Fatezh, Kursk Governorate, Russian Empire [now Kursk Oblast, Russia]. He was a composer, known for Dead Man Walking (1995), Metal Gear Solid (1998) and Lorenzo's Oil (1992). He was married to Elza Gustavovna. He died on 6 January 1998 in Moscow, Russia.- Nikolay Aseev was born on 27 June 1889 in Lgov, Kursk Governorate, Russian Empire [now Kursk Oblast, Russia]. He was a writer, known for The Extraordinary Adventures of Mr. West in the Land of the Bolsheviks (1924), Fedka's Truth (1925) and Pesn na kamne (1926). He was married to Ksenii Mihaylovne Sinyakovoy. He died on 16 July 1963 in Moscow, RSFSR, USSR [now Russia].
- Nikolay Svetlovidov was born on 17 December 1889 in Kursk, Kursk uyezd, Kursk Governorate, Russian Empire [now Kursk Oblast, Russia]. He was an actor, known for Negr iz Sheridana (1933), Volki i ovtsy (1953) and They Met on the Road (1957). He died on 20 November 1970 in Moscow, RSFSR, USSR [now Russia].
- Arkadiy Gaydar was born on 22 January 1904 in Lgov, Kursk Governorate, Russian Empire [now Kursk Oblast, Russia]. He was a writer, known for Timur i yego komanda (1940), Sudba barabanshchika (1956) and The Ballad of Cossack Golota (1937). He died on 26 October 1941 in Leplyavo, Kanev Raion, Kiev Oblast, Ukrainian SSR, USSR [now Lyuplyava, Kaniv Raion, Cherkasy Oblast, Ukraine].
- Music Department
- Actor
- Composer
Vadim Lyudvikovskiy was born on 23 April 1925 in Kursk, RSFSR, USSR. He was an actor and composer, known for Gentlemen of Fortune (1971), Moscow Laughs (1934) and Bezumnyy den (1956). He died on 10 December 1995 in Moscow, Russia.- Pyotr Lubenskiy was born on 21 November 1907 in Korenevo, Kursk Governorate, Russia. Pyotr was a writer, known for Koroleva benzokolonki (1963) and Pervyy paren (1959). Pyotr died on 17 February 2003.
- Pavlo Klimkin was born on 25 December 1967 in Kursk, RSFSR, USSR [now Russia].
- Cinematographer
- Camera and Electrical Department
Veniamin Levitin was born on 8 August 1905 in Putivl, Kursk Governorate, Russian Empire [now Sumy oblast, Ukraine]. He was a cinematographer, known for Schastlivogo plavaniya (1949), God 19-yy (1938) and Sledy na snegu (1955). He died on 4 November 1966 in Leningrad, RSFSR, USSR [now St. Petersburg, Russia].- Writer
- Editor
Olga Malysheva was born on 24 May 1997 in Russia, Kursk region, Zheleznogorsk. Olga is a writer and editor, known for SuperIvanovy (2023), Na rabotu! (2024) and Second Chance (2023).- Anatoli Shiyan was born on 5 April 1906 in Borisovka village, Kursk Governorate, Russian Empire [now Kursk oblast, Russia]. Anatoli was a writer, known for Letayushchiy korabl (1960) and Groza nad polyami (1959). Anatoli died on 6 May 1989 in Kiev, Ukrainian SSR, USSR [now Ukraine].
- Actor
- Producer
- Music Department
Vladimir Vinokur was born on 31 March 1948 in Kursk, Kurskaya oblast, RSFSR, USSR [now Russia]. He is an actor and producer, known for Mathilde (2017), Ne boysya, ya s toboy (1981) and The Coronation (2019).- Vladimir Ivanovskiy was born on 21 June 1912 in Kursk, Russian Empire [now Russia]. He was an actor, known for Ty moy vostorg, moe muchene... (1984). He died on 26 March 2004 in Moscow, Russia.
- Alla Maykova was born on 17 September 1939 in Kursk, RSFSR, USSR. She is an actress, known for Change of Fate (1987), Nachni snachala (1986) and Mat Mariya (1982).
- Mikhail Romenskiy was born on 20 November 1887 in Kursk, Kursk uyezd, Kursk Governorate, Russian Empire [now Kursk Oblast, Russia]. He was an actor, known for Zigmund Kolosovskiy (1946). He died on 21 November 1971 in Kiev, Kiev Oblast, Ukrainian SSR, USSR [now Kyiv, Kyiv Oblast, Ukraine].
- Ihor Todorov was born on 3 July 1959 in Dmitriyev-Lgovsky, Kursk Oblast, RSFSR, USSR [now Russia]. He is an actor, known for Komunalne.
- Viktor Cherkashin was born in 1932 in Krasnoe, RSFSR, USSR [now Kursk Oblast, Russia].
- Zbigniew Sawan was born on 14 April 1904 in Voskresenovka, Kursk Oblast, Russian Empire [now Russia]. He was an actor, known for Serce na ulicy (1931), Pod bandera milosci (1929) and Czlowiek o blekitnej duszy (1929). He was married to Lidia Wysocka, Maria Malicka and Krystyna Wróblewska. He died on 4 June 1984 in Warsaw, Mazowieckie, Poland.
- Aleksandr Rudenko was born on 23 May 1907 in village Opanasovka, Rylsk uyezd, Kursk Governorate, Russian Empire [now village Apanasovka, Korenevsky District, Kursk Oblast, Russia]. He died on 24 March 1976 in Moscow, RSFSR, USSR [now Russia].